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Maine ranked choice voting referendum, 2016
The Maine ranked choice voting referendum is a citizen-initiated referendum question that has qualified for the Maine November 8, 2016 statewide ballot. It seeks to change how Maine elections are conducted from a plurality voting system to a ranked choice voting system(also known as instant runoff voting). Unless the Maine Legislature and Governor Paul LePage enact the proposal as written, it will appear on the ballot along with elections for President of the United States, Maine's two U.S. House seats, the Legislature, and various local elections. If approved by voters, it would make Maine the first state to use such a system for its statewide elections.
==Background==
In the last 11 Maine gubernatorial elections, only incumbent Governors Joe Brennan in 1982 and Angus King in 1998 won more than 50% of the vote. Typically gubernatorial elections have more than two candidates; the 2010 election had five candidates, with Paul LePage emerging as the winner with 37.6% of the vote.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=2010 Governor General Election Tabulations )〕 Some public opinion felt that his victory was due to opponents of LePage dividing their votes between Democratic candidate Libby Mitchell and independent candidate Eliot Cutler.
Proposals to enact ranked choice voting have been discussed in the Legislature as early as 2005. A 2007 bill to enact it was rejected. The city of Portland began electing its mayor using ranked choice voting in 2011. The election of LePage resulted in further proposals in 2011, though they were rejected as well. Upon releasing his supporters to vote for someone else in the 2014 election, Eliot Cutler encouraged his supporters to support ranked choice voting. Shortly after, the group Ranked Choice Voting Maine formed, led by former independent State Senator Dick Woodbury, to collect the 61,123 signatures necessary to put a proposal to voters, collecting 40,000 alone on Election Day 2014. The group collected 75,369 signatures and delivered them to Maine Secretary of State Matthew Dunlap by October 19, 2015. Dunlap certified 64,687 signatures by November 18, 2015, which will permit the proposal to appear on the ballot. Per the Maine Constitution, the proposal goes before the Legislature in its 2016 session. It can approve the bill as written and send it to Governor LePage who would decide to sign it or send it to voters, approve its own measure dealing with voting changes to place on the ballot as a second option, or allow the question to go on the ballot, 〔(Maine Constitution, Article IV, Section 18 )〕 which is what supporters expect to occur.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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